广西凭祥中三叠世盆地沉积特征与构造属性分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

宋博  闫全人  向忠金  陈辉明  马铁球  杨广元 《地质学报》2013,87(4):453-473

凭祥中三叠世盆地位于印支地块与华南地块碰撞拼合的缝合带内,记录了沿华南地块南缘展布的古特提斯分支洋盆俯冲闭合、印支地块与华南地块碰撞拼合的过程。本文通过大比例尺实测地质剖面,详细测量了凭祥盆地沉积相序及其组合变化,分析了不同相序的沉积环境及其物源,并探讨了盆地构造属性。结果表明,凭祥盆地主要充填有深水盆地相、浊积扇相和三角洲相等不同环境的沉积物。中三叠世期间盆地呈现为一系列因碰撞拼合作用形成的构造高地间夹深谷的岩相古地理面貌。深水盆地相以发育大套深灰色泥页岩和裹夹碎屑流沉积为特征,碎屑流沉积发育于构造高地陡坡一侧。浊积扇相以发育槽模、正粒序、爬升波纹层理、包卷层理、双向交错层理、透镜状层理、平行层理为特征。三角洲相以发育大型板状交错层理、潮沟、厚层透镜状砂体和砖红色泥岩为特征,类似发育于俯冲汇聚环境下的牙买加型扇三角洲,可能发育于构造高地缓坡一侧。沉积作用分析表明,主要存在碎屑流、浊流等重力流作用,并识别出底流作用。古水流分析表明存在向南和向北两个方向的物质搬运。岩相学特征表明盆地砂岩成分成熟度和结构成熟度均较低,物源为再旋回造山带或碰撞造山带。本文研究结果认为：凭祥盆地是一个伴随古特提斯分支洋盆俯冲闭合而被强烈改造的残余弧前盆地,时空上与之相配套是北泗组岛弧型流纹斑岩。该弧盆系统可能于晚二叠世末开始发育,中三叠世末结束沉积充填,暗示印支地块和华南地块最终于中三叠世碰撞拼合。  相似文献   

塔里木盆地凝析气田的地质特征及其形成机制   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨海军  朱光有 《岩石学报》2013,29(9):3233-3250

塔里木盆地凝析油气资源丰富,已发现了二十余个凝析气田,包括库车坳陷的陆相油气来源的凝析气田和台盆区海相烃源岩来源的凝析气田;储层有碎屑岩,也有碳酸盐岩;时代自奥陶系至新生代均有分布。这些凝析气田的气油比分布在600~19900m³/m³,凝析油含量40~750g/m³;储层温度在78~155℃;地层压力在37~111MPa。研究认为,塔里木盆地凝析气藏的成因类型可以分为原生凝析气藏和次生凝析气藏。其中,以库车坳陷迪那2凝析气田为代表的煤系烃源岩在高演化阶段(镜质体反射率Ro为1.2%~2.0%),即凝析油和湿气生成带所形成的原生腐植型凝析气藏或煤成型凝析气藏。次生凝析气藏包括两类:陆相油气来源的多期充注,晚期干气对早期油藏发生混合改造,形成了以牙哈为代表的陆相油气成因的次生凝析气藏;以海相油气来源,多期油气充注与晚期干气气侵,造成蒸发分馏,在运移、聚集和成藏过程中烃体系分异、富化,发生反凝析作用,从而导致次生凝析气藏的形成。随着塔里木盆地勘探向深层转化,地层的温度和压力逐渐增高,烃类演化程度的升高,不同生烃阶段的烃体系混合也将更为普遍,次生凝析气藏也将更为普遍,因此,以海相油气来源的次生成因型凝析气藏将成为勘探的主体。  相似文献   

雪峰造山带南段靖州盆地成因性质及形成背景   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

柏道远  钟响  贾朋远  熊雄  黄文义 《中国地质》2013,40(4):1079-1091

靖州盆地是位于雪峰构造带南段的一个NE向晚三叠世一中侏罗世小型陆相盆地,前人研究提出其为NNE向溆浦-靖州大断裂左行走滑形成的拉分伸展盆地.本文对靖州盆地构造特征、T3-J2沉积和原型盆地特征等进行了系统研究,在此基础上提出该盆地实为挤压类前陆盆地,主要依据有:①沉积物高成熟度以及残留盆地边界与盆地周缘先期地质界线总体协调一致,说明盆地沉积时为挤压挠曲作用下形成的低缓洼地;②沉积物高成熟度和远源特征,指示盆地形成于相对稳定构造环境;③盆地北端T3-J1沉积空间由岩层弯曲下凹提供;沉积物产状变化指示J2盆地受到NW向挤压并产生持续褶皱变形;沉积物特征指示沉积环境西浅东深,进一步暗示J2盆地发展受控于NW向挤压与东缘逆冲块体的重力载荷;④盆缘伸展断裂少见,因挤压形成的小型走滑断裂、逆断裂、共轭剪节理等则多见;⑤从溆浦-靖州断裂走向偏转情况来看,该断裂左行走滑时靖州盆地所处部位应为挤压区而非拉张区.据盆地沉积和构造特征及区域大地构造演化背景,盆地的形成主要与晚三叠世-早侏罗世区域SN向挤压、中侏罗世区域NWW向挤压和NNE向左行走滑有关.  相似文献   

Salt-influenced normal fault growth and forced folding: The Stavanger Fault System,North Sea     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2013

Displacement ratio (D_r) is the ratio between salt thickness (T_v) and sub-salt normal fault displacement (D) (D_r = T_v/D), and it is typically used to predict the degree of geometric and kinematic linkage between sub- and supra-salt fault populations, and the overall structural style in salt-influenced extensional settings. However, we currently lack natural examples of how D_r and the underlying geological controls vary, and how these may control the three-dimensional geometry and evolution of salt-influenced normal fault systems. Furthermore, it is currently unknown if kinematic coherence in salt-influenced extensional settings can be maintained over relatively long length-scales (10¹–10³ m) and for relatively long timeframes, and how this may impact the growth and geometry of large-throw (>500 m), salt-influenced normal fault systems. In this paper we use a 3600 km², high-quality 3D seismic reflection dataset and borehole data from the Stavanger Fault System (SFS), Egersund Basin, eastern North Sea Basin to investigate; (i) how pre-rift salt thickness (T_v) and sub-salt fault throw (T) control the structural style and evolution of a basin-bounding, salt-influenced normal fault system; and (ii) the role salt plays in maintaining kinematic coherence in normal fault systems. We demonstrate that; (i) pre-rift salt distribution (T_v), specifically its presence in the proto-footwall (i.e., when T_v > 0), is the primary control on partitioning of faulting and (forced) folding along the fault system, and the style of linkage (i.e., hard- or soft-linkage) between sub- and supra-salt fault populations; and (ii) sub- and supra-salt fault populations represent brittle elements of a single, geometrically and kinematically coherent structure, the geometry and evolution of which is related to the ductile translation of strain on a scale (up to 8 km) and duration (c. 65 Myr) that believe is significantly greater and longer than previously documented.  相似文献   

Late Cretaceous paleoenvironmental evolution of the Tarfaya Atlantic coastal Basin,SW Morocco     

《Cretaceous Research》2013

Lithological evidence, benthic foraminiferal census counts, and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) scanner-derived elemental data were integrated with planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and bulk carbonate stable isotopes to retrace the Turonian to early Campanian paleoenvironmental evolution and sea-level history of the Tarfaya Atlantic coastal basin (SW Morocco). The lower Turonian is characterized by laminated organic-rich deposits, which contain impoverished benthic foraminiferal assemblages, reflecting impingement of the oxygen minimum zone on the shelf during a sea-level highstand. This highstand level is correlated to the global transgressive pulse above the sequence boundary Tu1. The appearance of low-oxygen tolerant benthic foraminiferal assemblages dominated by Gavelinella sp. in the middle to upper Turonian indicates an improvement in bottom water oxygenation, probably linked to offshore retraction of the oxygen minimum zone during a regressive phase. This interval is marked by major regressive events expressed by a series of erosional truncations associated with the prominent sequence boundaries Tu3 and/or Tu4. Dysoxic–anoxic conditions recorded in the upper Santonian of the Tarfaya Basin coincide with the eustatic sea-level rise prior to Sa3 sequence boundary. The lower Campanian transgression, only recorded in the southern part of the Tarfaya Basin, coincided with substantial deepening, enhanced accumulation of fine-grained clay-rich hemipelagic sediments and improved oxygenation at the seafloor (highest diversity and abundance of benthic foraminiferal assemblages). Stable isotope data from bulk carbonates are tentatively correlated to the English Chalk carbon isotope reference curve, in particular the Hitch Wood Event in the upper Turonian, the Navigation Event in the lower Coniacian, the Horseshoe Bay Event in the Santonian and the Santonian/Campanian Boundary Event.  相似文献   

Charophytes from the Upper Berriasian of the Western Interior Basin of the United States     

《Cretaceous Research》2013

A charophyte flora from the Upper Berriasian is described from the Lakota (Black Hills, South Dakota) and Cedar Mountain formations (San Rafael Swell, Utah) of the Western Interior Basin, United States of America. Whereas the latter is dominated by monotonous assemblages of the clavatoracean Nodosoclavator bradleyi (Harris, 1939), found in temporary lakes within palustrine facies, the flora of the Lakota Formation consists of more varied assemblages of the clavatoraceans N. bradleyi (Harris, 1939), Clavator grovesii grovesii Harris 1939, C. bilateralis Peck 1957 and early characeans (Mesochara sp. or Tolypella sp.). This flora was found in deposits related to permanent lakes in fluvial floodplains, i.e. lacustrine marls and limestones that do not show any evidence of subaerial exposure. To date, little is known about C. bilateralis, we provide a new definition on the basis of its particular structure, which shows lateral bract-cell units with a pinnate arrangement. This species appears to be endemic to North America and stratigraphically limited to the earliest Cretaceous. C. grovesii grovesii is part of a long-lasting charophyte lineage, which until now was considered to have originated in the Central Tethyan Archipelago (Europe) during the Early Berriasian, about 145 Ma, and limited to Eurasia until most of the Early Cretaceous. The new data presented here suggest that during the Berriasian this species was very broadly distributed, comprising North America, Europe and China.  相似文献   

从江汉叠合盆地构造形变特征看华南与华北陆块的拼贴过程   总被引：29，自引：8，他引：21       下载免费PDF全文

徐政语  林舸  刘池阳  王岳军  郭锋 《地质科学》2004,39(2):284-295

构造解析表明,现今观察到的中扬子地区中部江汉叠合盆地主体构造格架面貌大体形成于印支 早燕山碰撞造山期;其中,主造山初期前陆盆地发育阶段,盆区东、西部构造形变差异明显,晚期经调整而渐趋平衡,由此显现华南与华北两大陆块在碰撞造山过程中可能先后经历了早期点状接触与陆间斜向俯冲和晚期线状接触与陆内俯冲两个发展阶段。晚燕山期以来,盆地裂陷阶段构造格架的分区发育与右行旋转特点,证明中扬子地区曾发生过双向伸展和构造旋转作用,暗示晚燕山 早喜马拉雅期华南与华北两大陆块可能处于逐渐焊合的过程,研究区总体处于造山后陆内应力场调整阶段。盆地坳陷期发育阶段山盆非耦合面貌及壳幔“立交桥”式结构特征展示晚喜马拉雅期以来叠合盆地南、北边缘造山带已进入去根与裂解过程中。  相似文献   

藏北改则--班戈地区下白垩统多巴组的高频旋回沉积特征与盆地性质   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

王冠民  钟建华  王建平  陈清华 《地质科学》2004,39(3):346-355

西藏北部改则——班戈地区的下白垩统多巴组中所发育的Ⅴ级旋回表现出3种垂向沉积序列:潮坪相碎屑岩沉积序列(Ⅰ)、浅海相碳酸盐岩沉积序列(Ⅲ)和碳酸盐岩、陆源碎屑岩混合沉积序列(Ⅱ)。其中序列Ⅰ-1和Ⅲ是正常的沉积水体向上变浅的沉积序列,而序列Ⅱ具有明显的陆源碎屑先进积后退积的特征,可进一步分成3个亚类:Ⅱ-1、Ⅱ-2和Ⅱ-3。横向上从南部物源区向北呈Ⅰ→Ⅱ-1→Ⅱ-2→Ⅱ-3→Ⅲ的变化过程。结合盆地构造背景和沉积特征,本文提出多巴组高频旋回的形成与弧背盆地南部冲断带的冲断作用相对应。冲断作用期,物源区粗碎屑物质大量进积,大于盆地基底沉降速率,沉积水体逐渐变浅;冲断间歇期,物源区碎屑物质的供应迅速减少,基底沉降速率逐渐大于碎屑物质的进积速率,沉积水体又有所加深。  相似文献   

羌塘盆地及周边地带地球物理场与油气深部构造背景初探   总被引：7，自引：4，他引：7  

滕吉文  张中杰 《地球物理学进展》1996,11(1):12-27

本文对已有的地球物理场资料、地壳与上地幔结构的概略展布以及青藏的高原的大地构造格局进行了综合分析。结果表明：该区沉积层巨厚，重力场表现为负异常，地壳底部与上地幔顶部相对周边造山带上隆，低速异常分布，地幔对流向生此向下聚集，这些要素提出：羌塘盆地具有构成新油气田的深部构造背景和地球物理场特征，基于这些初步认识，文中最后提出了对该盆地进行深化研究的建议。  相似文献   

东天山古生代板块构造特点及其演化模式   总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20  

方国庆 《甘肃地质》1994,3(1):34-40

东天山的古板块构造格局主要由塔里木陆壳板块、西伯利亚陆壳板块和哈萨克斯坦洋壳板块在古生代的活动所奠定的。在古生代，东天山的板块构造格局主要表现为多列岛弧及其间弧间盆地和弧后盆地的形式。自北而南依次发育：博格达－哈尔里克泥盆－石炭纪岛弧，吐哈弧间盆地，觉罗塔格泥盆－石炭纪岛弧，吐哈弧间盆地，觉罗塔格泥盆－石炭纪岛弧，中天山志留－石炭纪岛弧，南天山－红柳河弧后盆地和北山陆缘裂谷带。其主要成因是由于准噶尔洋壳板块向塔里木陆壳板块下俯冲，俯冲带不断后退所形成的。奥陶纪中后期，中天山由塔里木北缘分出，形成具有古老陆块基底的类似于现今日本列岛的中天山岛弧。在其后形成南天山－红柳河弧后盆地和北山陆缘裂谷带。泥盆纪早期，俯冲带后退至觉罗塔格北侧形成觉罗塔格岛弧。泥盆纪晚期，俯冲带后退至博格达－哈尔里克北缘，形成博格达－哈尔里克岛弧。中石炭世至早二叠世，博格达同准噶尔陆块碰撞造山，哈尔里克同麦钦乌拉岛弧碰撞造山。与此同时，南天山－红柳河弧后盆地和北山裂谷带也相继闭合，而吐哈弧间盆地则成为未被消减完的弧间盆地残留下来。东天山古生代板块演化可与现今印度尼西亚地区的板块演化相类比。  相似文献